punctuation for class 10th

Punctuation

You may possess good language skills and know how to express yourself in the language but without the knowledge of punctuation marks, your skills, especially written, is incomplete. A piece of writing which does include punctuation marks is difficult to read as compared to a piece of writing which carries proper punctuation marks at the right places. To make an impact on the examiner, it is important for you to take care of these little marks, to come across as a serious and professional writer. This module discusses the commonly used punctuation marks, their significance and their implementation.

1) COMMA (,)
The comma is used to indicate a short pause. It is used:
a. for words, phrases, and clauses in a series.For example, "Gandhiji, the Father of the Nation, died on 30th January, 1948.

                         "Apples, Mangoes and Bananas are my favourites."
                          "Gandhiji, who was the Father of the Nation, died on 30th January, 1948.

b. when you address a person.
For example, "Yes, Sir."

c. to separate numbers, dates and address.
For example, I was born on 9th August, 1990 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

d. When two persons, things or other elements are contrasted, the two are separated by a comma.
For example, I meant Raj, not Robin.2) SEMICOLON (;)

The semicolon represents a stronger pause than a comma. It is used to stress the close relationship between one sentence and another. 
For example, Today we love what tomorrow we hate;today we seek what tomorrow we shun; today we desire what tomorrow we fear.

3) COLON (:)
The colon is used to show that something is to follow.
For example, The principle parts of a verb in English are: the present tense, the past tense, and the past participle.) DASH (-)

The dash is used to make an abrupt stop or change of thought.
For example, If my husband were alive-but why lament the past?
                         He has-you may not believe it-failed.

5) EXCLAMATION MARK (!)
The exclamation mark is used after interjections and after phrases and sentences expressing sudden emotion or wish.
For example, Alas! Oh dear!

6) INVERTED COMMAS (")
Inverted Commas are used to enclose the exact words of a speaker, or a quotation.
For example, "I would rather die," he exclaimed, "than join the oppressors of my country."

7) QUESTION MARK (?)
Question Mark is used, instead of the Full Stop, after a direct question.
For example, Have you finished writing?8) FULL STOP (.)

The full stop is used to mark the end of a declarative or an imperative sentence. It represents the greatest pause.
For example, Rohan, Vinay and Sabay are best friends.8) FULL STOP (.)

The full stop is used to mark the end of a declarative or an imperative sentence. It represents the greatest pause.
For example, Rohan, Vinay and Sabay are best friends.

Test Yourself/ Punctuate the Sentences

Q1. Punctuate the following sentences.

a. i like playing with my friends sandy sunny sameer

b. we went through the smoky mountains, near shimla on our way to leh

c. my favourite soap is pears and my favourite toothpaste is pepsodent

d. i’m a catholic and that’s why i go to st.joseph’s school. my friend priya speaks german and she is teaching me some words 

f. he was honest sincere hard working

g. hindusmuslimssikhschristians live together in India

h. long ago in a town in Switzerland there lived a famous man called william

i. akbar the greatest of the mughal emperors ruled wisely

j. tanya said to ila rahul is a nice guy

from

https://www.mbarendezvous.com/punctuation/

idioms and proverbs for class 10th useful idioms

Idioms and Phrases

English is a fascinating language. It is colourful and full of expression, and well-written prose can transport you to another world. One such tool that authors usually employ to make their words memorable are idioms and phrases. It is important for us to understand the concept and the correct usage of idiom and phrases. Let’s get cracking!dioms are a collection of words or phrases which have a figurative meaning that is generally well established and known. So these words can’t be taken at their literal meanings since they would sound farcical. Idioms, at times, seem grammatically unusual as well.

Idioms are a useful tool in linguistics. They add life and colour to the prose. It allows the authors to play with words and make it an interesting read, rather than straightforward boring paragraphs. Idioms are often used in stories, poems and even in the spoken words. The origins of these idioms are not always known, but they said to originate from stories and creative writing, and are modified over time.

Let us take a look at some really creative examples of idioms and their subsequent meanings.

Idiom	Meaning
Penny for your thoughts	Asking someone what is on their minds
Beat around the bush	Trying to avoid a subject/person/situation
Burn the midnight oil	Work or labour late into the night
Judge a book by its cover	Rely on outward appearances
Takes two to tango	Most deeds/actions/misdeeds require participation from two people
Kill two birds with one stone	Accomplish two things with the same effort
A piece of cake	An easy task/job
Whole nine yards	The entire thing, all of something
A dime a dozen	Very common/commonplace
Bite off more than you can chew	Try to take on a task too big for oneself
Cry over spilled milk	Regret/complain about something that cannot be rectified
Hit the road	Begin one’s journey
Once in a blue moon	Once in a while, infrequently
Have a blast	To enjoy oneself, have a good time

Phrases

A phrase is a small group of words that are like a unit. These units are a part of a bigger sentence or a clause. Phrases are unlike idioms, they are actually direct and to the point. They do not figurative meanings, the expression means what the words indicate.A phrase, unlike a complete sentence, does not have a subject and a verb. So it does not express a complete sentence, they are a unit of a complete sentence. There are broadly eight types of phrases – noun, verb, infinitive, gerund, appositive, participial, prepositional and absolute phrases.

Some examples of phrases are

• The phone was on the table
• The children were giggling and laughing when the teacher left the room
• The nice neighbour offered him a glass of water.

Solved Question for You

Q: Choose the option that best describes the underlined idiom: It will take him some time to get a handle on how things run in this part of the world.

1. Teach himself
2. Develop an understanding of
3. Write it down
4. Explain to someone

Ans: The correct option is B. “Get a handle on” means to understand and comprehend something or some situation. So in the context of the sentence, the person will need to understand how things work in this part of the world.

from

https://www.toppr.com/guides/english/vocabulary/idioms-and-phrases/